Manufacture of manganese



Dec. 29, 1953 P. F. FABARON MANUFACTURE OF MANGANESE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 3, 1950 I m/en Tor Era mend Flgfiaron Paul 3;

Attorneys Dec. 29, 1953 P. F. FABARON MANUFACTURE OF MANGANESE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Jan. 3, 1950 Im/en'for Paul Frahand fbaron KB) & 50

'ganese ores, and/ or "ganese, carbonate Y :ca-lcined, :or'mixturesof raw and calcined ores, .for theseparate: orsimultaneous preparation of and. adapted to b Patented Dec. 29, 1953 Raul Ferdinand .F,abaron,

- "Application-"January 3,

Glaims; priority,

.1950, seriamoqrsmsv application France January 10, 1949 '2 Claims. (Cl.'.'7510) This invention relates to the manufacture of "manganese and *lloysthereof, ';by .direct treatment of low-gra'deores of the metal.

At the present time, low-grade ores of man- Z'Ihe present: invention has for its main object to provide a orce to produce :market quality,

process fortreatihg such low-grade metallic manganese, I of current containing a relativelylow 1 proportion of iron and carbon, and a 10W proportion of impurities.

A further object'isto enable low-grade manthe gangues or slags resulting from their metallurgical recovery to be made and/or oxides, either raw or to be decomposed for production of acetylene :Othergobjects and advantages of the-invenwill; hereinafter appear from the following description given with reference "to. the accomproportions, ,in rorder toqlessen the likelihood: of .volatilization :of

the 1metall-ic manganese. .1138- e converted into cyanamide or" for; recept :the front j'ofiv duction bfrzthezwmplex obtained by addition.- of

carbon.

,.-Re1'-erring to thexdrawingsythe electric e .-nace,=generally .designa heating for example by supply, .-receivi;1 2

feeding a numbmang 2.110118 ted --A, single ephas carbonate: is

.suitableguantity of arranged for e alternating uroe (not shown). nace forms one-pole g current from a "cable ,3 er of electrode-bars B" embed- .ded i-n the sole which: latter is made .of sufiicient- .ly refractory. but electrically conductive: material. The other cable .-A'

I to the furnace casing chargeof. p

rimary. materials to ,resistance .of the charge.

,pole .of supply. is. which .feedsan upper movable vertically. in. relation C which connected to electrode, A"

.to the bed :B- and contains the be heated bathe At the frcntof the furnace, .there. is providedta- .support. .or. runway aclessuch as; products. can. beddischar The :upper -electrode meansof an F operating Windlass ,F",

. A" .canpbe raised .or .low

insulatonE: from. ,passingOver suitable.

ged.

guide D .into which the. furnace is suspended achain. or cable pulleysF toan whereby the electrode ered into the casing .C.

T By.lifting .or lowering ,the. electrode A the 0 current. density .Will .be.

of the electrode ...A.'

rent .density, according er of thefurnace;

collar andsupply c .vari 'As an alternative to th in this cas onnection to. .the

will

ed as desired.

e liftingandlow .there may be pluralitycof such. eleotrodeshrvingtdi l'iace areas .correspOhdingto .the .neo

ering .provided a fierent suressary ourcapacity or. powe, the suspension be made detachable so that theynma-ycbe attached. toanyse- .lected electrode.

togobtain j the desired current density it-the available power is variable.

.When constan transformer, .for v to theiurnace m .in the well=irnown manner.

Two or "more months "may "be and the lower one u :manganese met :so1e-.B,of.the furnace.

heFdischargedtogether :ting mouth,,separation.

the furnace.

.,..separate tap provided at al or all .lThe meta pine for the p0 oy colle t power is available from a example, .the voltage a ay be varied by 'changi c ;t,aps on the secondaryside ofv pplie'd or pouring different levels on the? furnace thenpper one G ingi intended" for theqdischarge ofgangue'orislag' wing 'of -.the

cting upon the l' andtslagmay through as common nowthen taking pl ace outside The casing C,is.charged .with primarymaterials indicated at H, crushed, mixedin desir :these v:materi ed proporti als being ons, and 1 fed into the furnace by any convenient means, such as a screw conveyor (not shown).

The furnace is so arranged that the active From these operations, I have obtained a manganese alloy of thefollowing composition:

surface of the upper electrode A" penetrating Per cent into the material H can be regulated by raising Mehgahese 77 Or lowering the electrode by means of the windh lass F", according to the power available for Atummum the furnace, so that the current density on the Iron 9 upper electrode A shall be less than 4 amperes Carbon per square centimeter, for example between 0.8 Phosphorus and 3 amperes per square centimeter. On the sulphur h 3! the current density will he even lower; It is to be noted that th iron-content can be inasmuch as the current naturally concentrates lowered by the use of coal or other reducing beneath the werklhg surface of the upper e agents containing less ash, and by avoiding the trode, it maybe stated that the current density use of m rods for tapping and sheet iron for Oh the sole Y be between and 1 ampere per protection of the electrode. The manganese- Squate eehthhetercontent could in this way be raised to approxi- In my experimental work, 1n order to arrive mately 90% in the cast metal.- at the desiredrestht' I f operated at 9 By combining the most favorable conditions of r trode area of 700 square centimeters. These 0011- 3 5 i gggg igg 325 figi f igsg g z i i ditions are not strictly indispensable or limitaby volatilization ttve; is possible aeeehhhg to the Size and Operating under the customary conditions in eepeetty of the e to the electrode the preparation of electro-metallurgical prodf ggg area the cement dehstty and/or the nets, there will be withdrawn from the furnace an upper layer of mixed calcium and magnesium g g $253123 g h gg gh ggagzgg carbides corresponding to 83% of the whole, and manner for example by means of the screw con- 30 a lower laye-r m the form of it slightly carbu-need veyor mentioned above. Metallic manganese is r g mgot correspondmg to the remammg P 3 Pg the $018 t 2 1 as seen Any other low-grade manganese ore of similar s l ag con si eting o f E1? g agni s i g lni il e i uh i c9mposigion e t g ff g to hat M given a ove, can e rea e in e same manner a igfig z g i i ggg ggg e g g gfig gg for the preparation of manganese in marketable the carbon and low-grade manganese ore, it is g I claim possible to obtain a normal carbide as regards L The metl'lod mult we ously manufacwp its yield of acetylene, in spite of the presence mg me'tau'ic manganese and mixed calciilm and giggf gg g figg i fi ggg gzg eg i h g magnesium carbides in a single resistance furfor obtaining a normal marketable carbide niece whlqh comhnses the Steps P Chargmg the Manganese and calcium carbide are withdrawn i i gg g igg z g from the electrical furnace cehjeihtly' the c rnol e x catr bo rlg te :3 2)nsistin e gf cahiti i r i carl on h i g l e shhuttahegtislybwtth the g a ate, magnesium carbonate and manganous carfi uths G 2 i n i' o suttt l e l d les )r zfetz egtacleg g fi a the i g percegltagf ztaroportiogs of Y a on percen ercen an ercen re- 3 :3 ti ggggg hhed attema'tety Wtth metal spectively, heating th e mixture of sai d materials in said furnace and maintaining the density of A furnace such represented m the e t the electric current through the mixed materials h been emhteyed m the practice of the mveh' below about 4 amperes per square centimeter of tteh' es earned out by treatment of tew'gtade electrode surface area, so as to deposit molten manganese ores from Lee Cahesses, Anege manganese on the sole of the furnace with a Freheesupernatant layer of slag including lime, magp gg gg g e i g fi g pgg gfi i szg s gg zggi g i nesia and calcium carbides, and separately withtrical furnace is charged with a mixture of 36 E ha 5, 3%??? i g fg igiggggg i t' by Welght 0t emah coat and 100 Parts by ing metallic manganese and mixed calcium and Welght of ht t carbonate 0t whleh the magnesium carbides in a single resistance furaveragecompositmn is as follows: so nace which comprises the Steps of charging the Per cent furnace with a mixture of approximately 36 parts Calcmm, arbnate (caeos) to by weight of coal and 100 parts by weight of a Meghesmm carbonate (Mgcoh 20 complex carbonate consisting of calcium carbon- Mahgeheus eerhehete (Mhcos) 20 ate, magnesium carbonate and mangancus car- In the course of my experiments, I have even bonate in the relative percen proportions of used a poorer ore showing th following comabout 60 percent, 20 percent and 20 percent, reposition after calcination: spectively, heating the mixture of said materials Per cent in said furnace and maintaining the density of Magnesia (MgO) 6.3 the electric current through the mixed materials Lime (CaO) 0 bel w about 4 amperes per square centimeter of Silica (S102) 1.8 electrode surface area, and between about, 0.6 and Ferric oxide (F6203) 3 1 ampere per square centimeter on the sole of Alumina (A1203) 1.9 t e rnace, soas t0 depoist molten manganese Manganous oxide (Mno) 1 0n the sole of the furnace with a supernatant Loss by combustion 44 l y r of S a includ ng lime, magnesia and cal- 6 cium carbides, and separately withdrawing the Number Name Date manganese and carbides. 2,070,186 Seil Feb. 9, 1937 PAUL FERDINAND FABARON. 2,471,562 Fittener May 31, 1949 References Cited in the file of this patent 5 FOREIGN PATENTS t Number Country Da e Num r UNITEDNSTATES PATENTSD t 126,303 Great Britain Dec. 11, 1919 e ame a e 790,389 Price May 23, 1905 OTHER REFERENCES 790,390 Price May 23, 1905 Chem. Abstracts, Vol. 36, Nov. 21, 1942, page 805,783 Dorian Nov. 28, 1905 10 6466, article by Kakabadze. 1,819,238 Greene Aug. 18, 1931 

1. THE METHOD OF SIMULTANEOUSLY MANUFACTURING METALLIC MANGANESE AND MIXED CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM CARBIDES IN A SINGLE RESISTANCE FURNANCE WHICH COMPRISES THE STEPS OF CHARGING THE FURNANCE WITH A MIXTURE OF APPROXIMATELY 36 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF COAL AND 100 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF A COMPLEX CARBONATE CONSISTING OF CALCIUM CARBONATE, MAGNESIUM CARBONATE AND MANGANOUS CARBONATE IN THE RELATIVE PERCENTAGE PROPOTIONS OF ABOUT 60 PERCENT, 20 PERCENT AND 20 PERCENT, RESPECTIVELY, HEATING THE MIXTURE OF SAID MATERIALS IN SAID FURNACE AND MAINTAINING THE DENSITY OF THE ELECTRIC CURRENT THROUGH THE MIXED MATERIALS BELOW ABOUT 4 AMPERES PER SQUARE CENTIMETER OF ELECTRODE SURFACE AREA, SO AS TO DEPOSIT MOLTEN MANGANESE ON THE SOLE OF THE FURNACE WITH A SUPERNATANT LAYER OF SLAG INCLUDING LIME, MAG- 